How to Draw a Pet Dog: Mastering Perspective and Proportions

This article documents this week's class demonstration on how to draw a dog's head and shares simple drawing steps.

為什麼學狗的結構

  • 從建模方式繪製動物不只靠照片模仿
  • 認識骨骼與肌肉的基礎結構,可以幫助你畫出更有「份量感」和動態張力的狗
  • 本篇將以格雷伊(greyhound)、米格魯(小獵犬) 體型為例,拆解身體各部分形體邏輯

為什麼狗的結構建議先「先看體塊,再看肌肉」

狗的外型變化很大(哈士奇、臘腸、格雷伊)
結構邏輯有一定的類似
最常卡住的除了比例,「不知道哪裡是轉折」也是蠻常卡關地方

核心觀念一句話:

狗除了用線條表現以外,也可用體塊轉折堆疊出來

狗的整體比例概念

身體兩大主體:

  • 胸腔(前半):偏直立、厚實
  • 骨盆(後半):偏傾斜、力量來源

狗全身比例與基本體塊(骨架概念)

🔹 參考圖位置:右上方有站姿側面,標有1/2/3比例劃分的狗。

  • 說明整體比例(頭:身體:腿大致為 1:2:1)。
  • 使用幾何體(箱子+橢圓)分解身體:
    • 頭部:前半球+梯形鼻口
    • 胸腔:大圓柱+正方體結構
    • 骨盆:略帶錐形、較小的圓柱體
    • 四肢:圓柱+關節球節點(肩肘膝踝)

重要的比例觀念:

狗的後半身通常比前半身有力量
這就是為什麼跑、跳、蹲都從後腳發力

背線不是一條直線

  • 肩到背:小起伏但不劇烈
  • 腰到骨盆:有明顯下沉或弧度

基本結構 -狗的頭部與頸部結構:

我們簡單把狗的頭部理解成,主要由圓形(頭部)和梯形(口鼻部分)組成,
在右下角可以看到兩個不同角度簡化的基本形狀,畫的時候需要注意圓形跟梯形大小彼此之間關係喔

頭的基本體塊

  • 頭顱:接近「被削過的盒子」
  • 口鼻:向前延伸的梯形

重點:狗頭轉動的面向,來自「口鼻梯形的指向」

  • 使用立方體+圓錐體建構頭部平面
  • 分析面部構造:鼻骨拉長、眼眶內陷、顴骨外凸
  • 耳朵位置+下顎轉折角(避免畫成平板形狀)
  • 頸部連接頭胸,呈現「傾斜的圓柱體」方向

狗的眼睛的位置邏輯

不在頭部正中央


偏前、偏外側,嵌在側斜平面上


耳朵不是裝飾

耳朵的位置決定「頭部傾斜方向」

垂耳、立耳 → 結構一樣,只是附加形狀不同

Build on the basic shapes by gradually adding details such as the eyes, nose, and ears. If the dog you're referencing has a turned side face, note that the face will appear larger on the side facing forward and smaller on the turned side.

狗的透視與比例 – 不同角度:

Provided are front and two half-side angles. If you want to draw the eye sockets, eyes, and nose, you can refer to the perspective lines in the drawing. This helps ensure the shapes and positions stay consistent.

四肢結構與關節彎折邏輯

🔹 參考圖位置:左側手腳特寫+中央關節圖示+下方奔跑動作

  • 前肢:肩 → 肘 → 腕(腕關節接腳掌),看似人類手臂但功能為支撐
  • 後肢:髖 → 膝 → 跟腱(飛節)→ 蹠骨(腳掌)
  • 解釋狗的「Z 字形後腿」如何對應骨骼彎折

身體轉折與肌肉塊面

🔹 參考圖位置:中央奔跑姿勢的狗+右中上胸腔圓柱剖面

  • 分析胸腔與骨盆轉折,使用斜面+弧線構築背部動勢
  • 狗奔跑時骨盆與胸腔會有轉角度,增加整體動態感
  • 上方圓柱剖面圖清楚說明肋骨弧度、腹部收縮位置

動態姿勢與步態觀察

🔹 參考圖位置:下方左側坐姿、右下站立+中央奔跑中狗

  • 分析坐姿時腿如何壓縮,胸腔如何前傾(底盤壓低)
  • 奔跑動作中,重心如何從後腳推進到前腳
  • 四肢踏步節奏(可補充:飛節著地時是出力點)

爪部與掌墊觀察

🔹 參考圖位置:左下方爪子與腳掌解構。

  • 簡化腳掌為「倒三角+圓柱指節」
  • 爪子前段要留空間,避免壓扁
  • 注意腳趾並非完全對稱

總結狗結構畫法與延伸練習

鼓勵你從「形體拆解」到「動態觀察」慢慢建立繪畫習慣,

建議可練習灰狗、黃金獵犬、臘腸犬等不同身體比例狗種開始練習

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I hope this structural introduction helps you understand how to draw a dog. If there are any subjects or drawing techniques you would like to see, feel free to leave a comment or message me. Happy drawing!

If you're interested in learning to draw but don't know where to start, or if you'd like to understand the knowledge behind drawing,

feel free to join my LINE and contact me. In my classes, I organize drawing methods in a clear and structured way.

Click here to learn more about my drawing courses!

Extended Animal Sketching Articles:

How to Draw a Cat with Pencil:Mastering Proportions & Structure

How to Draw a Koi Fish with a Pencil: Fish Sketching Tutorial

How to Draw Birds: Master Sketching Body Structure

How to Draw Primates: Proportions, Anatomy, Dynamic Poses

Sketching Lions: Simplifying Head and Torso with Basic Shapes

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Han
Han

Chiu Po-Han - drawing instructor | Art studio teacher | Independent contractor |

Work Experience:
2017-2022: Taught at Paniel Art Studio for five years
2023-2025 Instructor at Htoh Art Studio
2023: External Art Teacher at Feng Xin High School Art Class

About Me: I specialize in guiding students to develop their interest in learning fundamental drawing and watercolor techniques. I also assist students in successfully applying to art and design schools.

I firmly believe that through the process of creating art, students can learn the logical steps of drawing, refine their techniques, and cultivate perseverance. Drawing is not just a skill but an enriching and worthwhile investment of one's time and energy.